Retraction: Inhibition of Arachidonic Acid Release by Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Is Involved in the Antiapoptotic Effect of FK506 and Cyclosporin A on Astrocytes Exposed to Simulated Ischemia In Vitro

In the present study, we investigated whether the protective effect of FK506 and cyclosporin A (CsA) against in vitro ischemic injury of astrocytes might be mediated through attenuation of cytosolic isoform of phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) expression and activity as well as inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA) release. On the 21st day in vitro, cultures of rat astrocytes were subjected to ischemia-simulating conditions (combined oxygen glucose deprivation) for 8 h and exposed to FK506 (10 - 1,000 nM) and CsA (0.25 - 10 microM). Obtained data suggest the cross-talk between the action of 0.25 - 10 microM CsA as well as 1 microM FK506 on calcineurin (CaN) and cPLA(2) in anti-apoptotic signal transduction pathways. Moreover, we have shown that immunosuppressants at these concentrations protected glial cells against ischemia-induced apoptosis through the increase of cell viability, mitochondrial function restoration, and attenuation of oxidative stress. Finally, in our study, low concentrations of FK506 (10 and 100 nM) exerted limited effects on the assessed parameters. Our findings document a key role either for CaN or cPLA(2) expression attenuation and AA release inhibition in the antiapoptotic effect of FK506 and CsA in ischemic astrocytes.